Geomorphologists who study Earth’s surface features and the processes that formed them have long been interested in how floods, in particular catastrophic outbursts that occur when a glacial lake ice dam bursts, for example, can change a planet’s surface, not only on Earth but on Mars. Now geoscience researchers have proposed and tested a new model of canyon-forming floods that suggests that deep canyons can be formed in bedrock by significantly less water than previously thought.

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